DPPM in the Optical Module Industry
TL;DR: DPPM (Defect Parts Per Million) is the fraction of defective units per one million produced, expressed as an integer. Automotive suppliers target < 50 DPPM; medical devices < 10 DPPM; Six Sigma sits at 3. Differential pulse-position modulation (DPPM) is a type of pulse-position modulation (Ke Xizheng, Xi Xiaoli. Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Press, August 2004; Wang Jingyuan, Zhang mainline. One of the key difficulties of implementing PPM is that the receiver must be properly synchronized to align the local clock with the beginning of each.
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